Wales in the Roman era

The Roman conquest of Wales began in AD 48 and was completed in 78, with Roman rule lasting until 383. It is the campaigns of conquest that are the most widely known feature of Wales during the Roman era due to the spirited but unsuccessful defense of their homelands by two native tribes, the Silures and the Ordovices.

Roman rule in Wales was a military occupation, save for the southern coastal region of South Wales east of the Gower Peninsula, where there is a legacy of Romanisation.[50] The only town in Wales founded by the Romans, Caerwent, is located in South Wales. Both Caerwent and Carmarthen, also in southern Wales, would become Roman civitates.[51]
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Wales was a rich source of mineral wealth and the Romans used their engineering technology to extract large amounts of gold, copper and lead, as well as modest amounts of some other metals such as zinc and silver.[52] Roman economic development was concentrated in southeastern Britain, with no significant industries located in Wales.[52] This was largely a matter of circumstance, as Wales had none of the needed materials in suitable combination, and the forested, mountainous countryside was not amenable to industrialisation.

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